ENGLISH TASK GROUP "PRESENT TENSE"

 

ENGLISH TASK GROUP

PRESENT TENSE

Lecture       : Dra. Nelly Astuti, M.Pd.

   Subject       : English

Created by :

Group 4

 1.     Dian Retnowati Ansori          (1653053009) 

                         2.     Nabila Ayu                              (1613053050)

3.     Rima Aziza Arunanda           (1653053005)

4.     Rendi Nurdagidsu                  (1613053058)

S1 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER DEVELOPMENT

EDUCATION AND TEACHING FACULTY

UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

2016

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

      English is the international language. With master English well, then we will be able to communicate with other nations in the world. In addition, we will be able to add insight and our knowledge for the betterment of our nation and state, because we will be able to read literature in English, listen to radio broadcasts abroad, as well as watching movies science others. Thus, in the end we can master the knowledge-knowledge in all fields.

      In addition to increasing understanding about the international language, learning English is at least will be easier for us to get a decent job, or for the provision of our science in the future. By understanding and mastering the international language properly certainly provide excellent benefits for us all.

      To that end, it is necessary to first understand grammatical exist in English. In addition to smooth pronunciation, we will also understand how to construct words to be spoken so that it becomes a coherent sentences and correct according to its particular tenses in the present tense. TSherefore the authors will discuss the present tense.

1.2 The Problem formulation

     Based on the background of these problems then we formulate the contents of the paper are as follows:

1.      What is rules of simple present tense?

2.      What is the function of present tense?

3.      Whatis the rule of present continuous tense?

4.      What is the rule of  present / simple  future?

5.      What is the rule of present perfect?

1.3 Purpose

      Studying and understanding this paper materials namely about present tense then expected we can understand  rules of simple present tense, the function of present tense, the rule of present continuous tense, the rule of  present / simple  future, the rule of present perfect and exemplary of the present perfect.Other purpose the preparation of this paper was to fulfill the course Structure.

CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

2.1 Rules Of Simple Present Tense

      Simple Present Tense is the tense used to express an action or activity taking place or happening  at the present time in a simple form, activity or work that is done repeatedly, daily habits, events or acts that have nothing to do with time, and to express general truths. (Butar, 2014)

       Arinya : Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung atau terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.

       Simple Present Tense using this type of "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1". TO BE used as listed in the table below (Simple Present Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1". TO BE yang digunakan seperti yang terdapat dalam tabel dibawah ini) :

I	Am	Do / Don't
You	Are
They
We
He	Is	Does / Doesn't
She
It

       To "do and does" used in the interrogative sentence. For the "don’t (do not)" and "doesn’t (does not)" is used in negative sentences. And "to be 1 (am, is, are)" is used when a sentence is no element verb (non verb).    

      Artinya : Untuk penggunaan do dan does digunakan pada kalimat tanya. Untuk don't (do not) dan doesn't (does not) digunakan pada kalimat negatif. Dan to be 1 (am, is, are) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (non verb).

       So the rules is:

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh Kalimat
+	Verbal	Subject + Verb 1 + Object	She loves Inggris
	Nominal	Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object	You are my best friend
–	Verbal	Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object	I do not know you
	Nominal	Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object	You are not my wife any more.
?	Verbal	DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object+?	Do you know me?
		Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1+?
	Nominal	To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object+?	Are you sleepy?
		Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object+?

       Only on a positive sentence, for the subject "He, She, It", the use of the verb should end with "s / es." The addition of "s / es" to the infinitive are as follows (Hanya pada kalimat positif, untuk subject "He, She, It", penggunaan kata kerjanya (VERB) harus diakhiri dengan "s/es." Penambahan “s/es” pada kata kerja dasar (infinitive) adalah sebagai berikut) :

1.       In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix "-s", for example:
( Pada umumnya kata kerjanya langsung ditambah dengan akhiran “-s”, contohnya)

Work – Works(bekerja)

Write – Writes(menulis)

Speak – Speaks(bicara)

2.       The verb ending in the letter "ch, o, s, sh, x" plus the suffix "-es", for example:

(Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf “ch, o, s, sh, x” ditambah akhiran “-es”, contohnya)

Pass – Passes            (Lulus)

Finish – Finishes     (Selesai)

Teach – Teaches   (Mengajar)

Go – Goes                (Pergi)

Fix – Fixes         (Memperbaiki)

3.       The verb that ends with the letter "y" and begins with a consonant, the suffix "-y" was changed to "i" and then added "-es", for example:

(Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” dan dimulai dengan huruf mati, akhiran “-y” diubah menjadi “-i” kemudian ditambah “-es”, contohnya)

Study – Studies  (Belajar)

Carry – Carries(membawa)

Cry – Cries        (Menangis)

4.       While the verb ending in the letter "y" that begins with a vowel, simply coupled with the suffix "-s" only, for example:

(Sedangkan kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” yang diawali dengan huruf hidup, cukup ditambah dengan akhiran “-s” saja, contohnya)

Buy – Buys   (membeli)

Play – Plays( bermain)

Say – Says   (berkata)

5.       If the verb begins with the letter auxiliary verb (Modal Auxiliaries), then do not get the extra "s / es", for example:

(Apabila kata kerjanya diawali dengan huruf kata kerja bantu, maka tidak mendapatkan tambahan “s/es”,contohnya)

He Will work (dia akan bekerja)

She Can open( dia dapat membuka)

He Must close (dia harus menutuup)

       Specification of time for the Simple Present Tense used are (Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Present Tense  yang digunakan adalah) : Every hour(setiap jam), every minute(setiap menit), every morning(setiap pagi), everyday(setiap hari), always(selalu), as a rule(pada lazimnya), at night(pada malam hari), sometime(kadang-kadang),usually(biasanya),often(seringkali),seldom(jarang). (Butar, 2014)

2.2 Function Of Simple Present Tense

1.      General truth

simple present tense Expressing a common truth or reality, or an authorization that continues to be the case-successor (The General Truth), for example:

(Simple present tense Menyatakan suatu kebenaran atau kenyataan umum, atau suatu kebenaran yang dianggap terjadi terus-mnerus (The General Truth), contohnya) :

a)      A year has twelve months.( setahun meiliki dua belas bulan)

b)      The sun rises in the East. (Matahari terbit dari timur.)

c)      Water freezes at zero degree. (Air membeku pada nol derajat.).

d)     The Earth revolves around the Sun. (Bumi berputar mengelilingi matahari)

2.      Habitual activity

simple present tense declare an act that becomes a habit or performed at certain times (Habitual Action), for example:

(simple present tense Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan atau yang dilakukan pada waktu-waktu tertentu (Habitual Action),contohnya) :

a)      We study hard everyday.( Kami belajar keras setiap hari)

b)      She visits the library twice a month.(Dia mengunjungi perpustakaan dua kali sebulan)

3.      To give instructions or directions, ex: 

1.      You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.

(Kamu berjalan selama dua ratus meter, lalu kamu berbelok ke kiri.)

2.      Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.

(Buka paket dan tuangkan isinya ke dalam air panas.)

3.      You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford. (Kamu mengambil bus No.6 untuk Watney dan kemudian No.10 ke Bedford.)

4.      To express  planned activities, ex:

a)      Your exam starts at 09.00 ( ujianmu mulai pukul 09.00).

b)      The train for Jakarta - Bandung departs at seven o'clock (Kereta untuk Jakarta - Bandung berangkat pukul tujuh).

c)      The meeting begins in an hour's time ( Pertemuan dimulai dalam waktu satu jam.)

d)     The new supermarket opens next week (Supermarket baru akan terbuka minggu depan).

e)          The match starts in exactly ten minutes (Pertandingan dimulai tepat sepuluh menit).

5.      To introduce quotations, ex:

a)      Shakespeare says “ Love is not time’s  fool”

( Shakespeare mengatakan "Cinta bukan waktu yang bodoh)

b)      Keats says “ A thing of beauty is a joy forever”

(Keats mengatakan "Sebuah keindahan adalah sukacita selamanya)

2.3 Rule of Present Continuous Tense

      Present Continuous Tense also called Progressive Tense is used to declare an act, condition or event is happening at the moment to talk about. On the use of Present Continuous Tense used verb must end with -ing / (Verb + ing).
Present continuous tense using this type of "TO BE 1". Description of time to Present Continuous Tense used are: Now, at present, right now, this afternoon, this morning, today and so on. (Butar, 2014)

Artinya :  Present Continuous Tense juga disebut Present Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat dibicarakan. Pada penggunaan Present Continuous Tense kata kerja yang digunakan harus diakhiri dengan -ing / (Verb + ing). Bentuk waktu  PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE menggunakan jenis "TO BE 1". Keterangan waktu untuk Present Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah: sekarang, pada saat ini, saat ini, siang ini, pagi ini, hari ini dan sebagainya.

So the rule is :

+	Subject + To be 1 + (Verb + ing) + Object
-	Subject + To be 1 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
?	To be 1  + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?
?	Question Word + To be 1  + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?

Ex :

+	We are studying now.
-	We are not (aren't) studying now.
?	Are you studying now? Answer: Yes I am, atau I, am not
?	What are you doing? Answer: I am studying now Who is studying English? Answer: She is studying English

      The use of present continuous tense is:

           1.         For an action going on at the time of speaking

(Untuk tindakan yang terjadi pada saat berbicara)

Ex:

a)      Nabila is cooking now.( Nabila sedang memasak sekarang)

b)      Mira is writing a letter at present. ( Mira sedang menulis surat saat ini)

c)      We are sitting in the garden.( Kami sedang duduk di kebun)

           2.         For a temporary action

(Untuk tindakan sementara)

Ex:

a)      Madhavi is learning kuchipudi dance

(Madhavi sedang belajar tari Kuchipudi)

b)      Ramya is acting in the film

(Ramya sedang berekting dalam film)

c)      Mam Nelly is writing a book for children.

( Bu Nelly sedang menulis buku untuk anak-anak)

           3.         For a future planned action

(Untuk tindakan yang direncanakan di masa depan)

Ex:

a.       We are visiting Jogja this week.

b.      Dian is singing at the concert this Sunday

2.4 Simple Future Tense / Present Future Tense

        Simple Future Tense or Present Future Tense is the tense used to express an action or activity that will happen our future (Simple Future Tense atau Present Future Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang akan terjadi dimasa akan datang).

Formula Example Sentences Simple Future Tense (Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Future Tense).

      Expressing Simple Future Tense sentence that uses verb (Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Future Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja )

+	Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 + Object
-	Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + Verb 1 + Object
?	WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
?	Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Ex :

+	She will go to Paris tomorrow.
-	She will not (won't) go to Paris tomorrow.
?	Will she go to Paris tomorrow ? Answer: Yes She will, atau She, will not (won't)
?	When will she go to Paris? Who will come here?

       Expressing Simple Future Tense sentence that does not use the verb (Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Future Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja )

+	Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + Non Verb + Object
-	Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + Non Verb + Object
?	WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
?	Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?

Ex:

+	He will be alone tomorrow.
s	He will not (won't) be alone tomorrow.
?	Will he be alone tomorrow? Answer: Yes he will, atau No, she will not (won't)
?	When will he be in Las Vegas? Why will you be here tomorrow night?

      Pattern Simple Future Tense verbal sentence can be replaced with a sentence that use to be + going to to replace shall and will. (Pola kalimat verbal Simple Future Tense dapat diganti dengan kalimat yang menggunakan to be + going to untuk menggantikan shall dan will)

+	Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1 + Object
-	Subject + To be + Not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
?	To be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object ?
?	Question Word + To be + Subject + going to + verb 1 +?

Ex :

+	I am going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
-	I am not going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
?	Are you going to read a newspaper tomorrow?
?	What are you going to read? Who is going to come here tomorrow?

     Specification of time for Simple Future Tense used are (Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Future Tense yang digunakan adalah) : tomorrow morning(besok pagi), tomorrow night(besok malam), next week(minggu depan), next year(tahun depan) and so on.

The use of simple future is: For future actions (Untuk tindakan masa depan.).

Ex:

a)      I shall meet you tomorrow (Aku akan bertemu kamu besok)

b)      We shall begin the work from Monday ( Kami akan memulai pekerjaan dari Senin)

c)      Rendi will stady with us for another week (Rendi akan belajar bersama kami selama seminggu lagi)

2.5 Rule Of Present Perfect Tense

      Present Perfect Tense is the tense that is used to declare an act, condition or event that happened in the past. And when speaking of activities / actions have been completed.

Artinya : Present Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Dan pada saat berbicara kegiatan/perbuatan tersebut telah selesai dilakukan.

Present Perfect Tense using this type of "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3" (Present Perfect Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3") .

      Expressing the Present Perfect Tense sentence that uses the verb (Expressing the Present Perfect Tense sentence that uses the verb).

+	Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object
-	Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
?	Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
?	Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?

Ex :

+	I have lived here for 2 years.
-	I have not (haven't) lived here for 2 years.
?	Have you lived here for 2 years? Answer: Yes, I have, atau No, I have not (haven't)
?	Why Have you lived here for 2 years? Who has killed her father?

      Present Perfect Tense Expressing sentences that do not use the verb (Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja).

+	Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
-	Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
?	Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
?	Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?

Ex :

+	She has been here for 4 hours
-	She has not (hasn't) been here for 4 hours
?	Has she been here for 4 hours?
?	Where have you been for the last 4 hours?

       Description of time to Present Perfect Tense used are: Once(sekali), so far(hingga sekarang), twice(dua kali), at last(akhirnya), several times(beberapa kali), this week(minggu ini), never(tidak pernah),already(sudah),this year(tahun ini),as yet(sampai sekarang), ever(pernah), just(baru saja), since 2004(sejak 2004).

2.6  Present Perfect Continuous Tense

       Present Perfect Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Tense Progressive is a form of time used to declare an event or action that started in the past and continues up to the moment or an event or action that begins the past, and just finished at the time of speaking. Description of time to Present Perfect Continuous Tense used are: For(selama), since(sejak), all morning(sepanjang pagi), all day(sepanjang hari), all week(sepanjang minggu), all month(sepanjang bulan), etc.

Artinya: Present Perfect Continuous Tense atau Present Perfect Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung sampai saat ini atau suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang diawali dimasa lampau dan baru saja selesai pada saat bicara.

+	Subject + Have/Has + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
-	Subject + Have/Has + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
?	Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
?	Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

Ex:

+	It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.
-	We have not been swimming in pool for this day.
?	Has he been eating  rice this day? Jawaban: Yes, he has, atau No, he has not.
?	How long has she been teaching at the university?

CHAPTER  3

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

      Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the Simple Present Tense is used to express the event or events, activities, activity and so is the case today. Present tense is also used to express a fact, or something that happens over and over again in the present.

      Present Continuous Tense is usually used to describe an ongoing events .Present Perfect is used to declare an act, condition or event that happened in the past. Present Perfect Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Progressive Tense is used to declare an event or action that started in the past and continues up to the moment or an event or action that begins the past, and just finished at the time of speaking. Simple Future Tense or Present Future Tense is the tense that is used to declare an act or activity that would happen would come .

       In future tenses present there are formulas that must be understood, each respectively present tenses have a different formula than that also has particulars special time in any kind of pesent tenses.

3.2 Sugestion

       Sugestion for the reader, as we know that english is the intenational laguage. To be able to speak and understand and master the basic fundamentals of the english language , especially regarding the present tense.

Preferences

Butar, F. N. (2014, February 05). MAKALAH TENSES. Retrieved October 15, 2016, from fatmanaul: http://fatmanauli.blogspot.co.id/2014/02/makalah-tenses.html

Typesetter Manas. 2003. Contemporary ENGLISH GAMMAR. New Delhi. Book Palace